The Three Industrial Revolutions - 1740 Words

INTRODUCTION The term industrial revolution refers means the strong transformation of a society- economically, socially, culturally and geographically. The Industrial revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in manufacturing, agriculture, mining, transportation and technology had a profound effect on the social, cultural and economic conditions of the times. FIRST IR The main differences between the First and Second Industrial Revolution were the invisible hand in comparison to the visible hand in the Second Revolution. The use of non human labor such as coal and steam powered energy, compared to mass production with unskilled labor workers in the Second Industrial Revolution. Owners managing and†¦show more content†¦Britain was now ready for another change, as life with machinery had already been assimilated into society. This saw the beginning on the Second industrial revolution around 1880 and went through to the 1920’s. Whilst Britain still remained in the dominant countries, however, the Second Industrial Revolution saw Germany and the introduction of Big Business in the USA. The main changes compared to the first Industrial Revolution were increased and improved transport and communication such as railways, telephone, cars and enlarged national markets. The rise of American and Germany as dominant countries and science based innovations. The markets became larger and there was an increased need for goods and infrastructure. Management Styles changed and Chandlers three Ms were implemented, Management. Marketing and manufacturing. Compared to the First Industrial Revolution, the Second Revolution saw many new inventions, and important advances made in the system of mass production. Mass production changed the organization of companies, workers worked and managers managed. Alfred Chandler argued that modern large-scale firms arose to take advantage of the national markets and productive techniques available after the rail network was in place. He found that they prospered because they had higher productivity, lower costs, and higher profits. The firms created the managerial class in America because theyShow MoreRelatedJohn Beckett s The Glorious Revolution971 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Beckett mentions that â€Å"the Glorious Revolution† has been considered a historical event related to the political issues. The main target of this historical event was to create a commercial freedom in Europe. After this revolution was done, trade relations in Europe went up, and the Bill of Rights was also created in 1 689. Today, the Bill of Rights is shown and knowns that it was the first building stone for â€Å"the British constitution† because it limited the monarchic power. During the eighteenthRead MoreIndustrial, French, and American Revolutions: Common Social Revolutions?764 Words   |  4 Pageshistory there have been many important revolutions that have help to shape society as it is today. There are different causes, from political to religious, economic to social. Any revolution affects those in society, and creates changes for the people in the society. There are three important revolutions that took place in the late 18th century that changed the world for the better. The French Revolution, the American Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution all took place in the late 1700s. AlthoughRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Impacted Women923 Words   |  4 PagesIn my thesis, I contend that the Industrial Revolution impacted women because women in the working and poor classes were a key labor force in mills and factories, they supported their role as the backbone of the household economy by completing housework in the middle class, and finally the Industrial Revolution made an impact on the contributions of ideas made by women. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution affected women in the working and poor classes by allowing them to work in factories and millsRead MoreWhat Really Happened During The Industrial Revolution By: Brianna Taylor Would you like to work1300 Words   |  6 Pages What Really Happened During The Industrial Revolution By: Brianna Taylor Would you like to work fourteen hours a day, six days a week, for little to no pay? While this might seem unreal to us now, this is what working Americans during the time of the Industrial Revolution endured. Not only was it adults working, it was also children as young as three. Now you look at it and think what could a three year old have done? When people running factories just saw it as smaller hands to do thingsRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of Europe1553 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant of the changes that brought about the Industrial Revolution were (1) the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools; (2) the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles of human beings and of animals; and (3) the adoption of the factory system† (Industrial Revolution). The Industrial Revolution was a big event that happened in Europe. Those three main changes impacted everything in a huge way. The Industrial Revolution in Europe was a positive oc currence thatRead MoreThe Difference Of Interpretation On Coal Industry865 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat era could bring the honor of history for people. Especially for the industrial past, it is easier to motivate the nostalgic impulse. In Britain, coal resource not only influenced the development of industry and technology, but also improved people’s daily life and their working life in the past. According to research the history of Britain, there are three vital periods about coal industry including industrial revolution in Britain, Victorian Britain and de-industrialization in the UK that mightRead MoreExtraordinary Impact of Inventions of the Industrial Revolution674 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"The Industrial Revolution was another of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization†. This quote by Stephen Gardiner pretty much summarizes a long, laborious period of time into a single 15-word quote. Urbanization, industrialization, and contamination, all formed part of this significant period of time in European history. Nevertheless, one aspect that better symbolized the Industrial Revolution was the sudden surge of new inventions and machinery that begun during theRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries CE, was a period during w hich predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine,Read More The European Expansion and its Effects on the World Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesby science.† (p. 403) The European scientific revolution was fueled by the blending of â€Å"liberal† and â€Å"servile† arts, in other words, science and technology. Because of the European expansion taking place throughout the world, new commerce and industries were advancing, creating the need for new technology and science. The theories and inventions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton provided were the fist major advances during the scientific revolution, and perhap s were the most profound. The EuropeanRead MoreThe Positives And Cons Of The Industrial Revolution835 Words   |  4 PagesIs the Industrial Revolution as Good as We Think It Is? Bill Gates once said, â€Å"If you go back to 1800, everybody was poor. I mean everybody. The Industrial Revolution kicked in, and a lot of countries benefited, but by no means everyone.† The Industrial Revolution was a period in the 18th century led by Great Britain that had a major influence in agriculture, scientific studies, manufacturing, and transportation. As said by Bill Gates, even though the Industrial Revolution benefited many parties

Organisations Essay example - 924 Words

Organisations Objective: To understand the basic concepts of organisational structure as they appear on/affect ICT systems. What is an organisation? An organisation is a collection of human and non human resources that are brought together in order to fulfill a designated purpose. 1. Supermarket 2. School 3. Shop 4. Large commercial enterprise 5. Small informally structured non commercial group – green peace In some cases the structures are clearly defined and inflexible, in others the structure is less formally defined. Factors which determine the structures: Ø The size and the complexity of the organization the larger and more complex the organization the more likely it is to have clear lines of†¦show more content†¦would require training) Technology: Relevant hardware software and information systems to carry out business effectively. Levels within an Hierarchical organization Senior managers (strategic): Responsible for long time planning and setting the overall goals for the organization, more interested in summated information which can be broken down into Middle Managers (tactical): Carry out the programs and plans by supervising employees. They need the Workers (operational): Responsible for producing goods and delivering the services. Successful Organisations: Ø They have visionary and enthusiastic leaders. Ø They unlock and develop the potential of employees. Ø They create an empowered work force. Ø They invest in people through communications and training. Ø They know there customers. Ø They learn from others. Ø They respond positively to demands. Ø They introduce new products and services Ø They know who there competitors are, and encourage innovation Ø They focus on poor business and explore strategic alliances Ø Exceed customer’s expectations. Main elements of an organisation Ø Production Ø Sales and marketing Ø Personnel or human resources Ø Finance and accounting Business Organisation has fourShow MoreRelatedNotes On Les Conservation Des Ressources1135 Words   |  5 Pageset la thà ©orie du capital humain), il s’articule sur trois principes à   savoir : I. Supà ©riorità © et universalità © des pratiques de GRH : il suppose que certaines pratiques RH sont supà ©rieurs à   d’autres et peuvent à ªtre mises en place à   toutes les organisations. II. Sà ©lectività © et supà ©riorità © de la lecture financià ¨re de performance : il s’agit de l’existence d’une prà ©fà ©rence de certaines pratiques RH qui dà ©gagent la performance financià ¨re. III. Autonomie et additività © : ce principe avance l’hypothà ¨seRead MoreThe Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ( Sco ) Covers More Than Three Fifths Of The Eurasian Landmass1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) covers more than three fifths of the Eurasian landmass and represents one fourth of the world population. In that sense it is the biggest security organisation in the world next to the UN (Oldberg 2007:13). The SCO is also the only international security organisation where China is a member and the US is not. Central Asia is at the centre of the organisation both in a geographical and political sense. Central Asia is a place where the strategic interestsRead MoreRole Et Evolution Des Achats En Entreprise3613 Words   |  15 Pagesmanque de certaines matià ¨res premià ¨res, ainsi qu’une plus grande concentration de nombreux marchà ©s fournisseurs, vont contribuer à   la modification des organisations achats. En effet les organisations achats vont tendre vers une  « flexi-centralisation  ». La centralisation va consister à   favoriser la visibilità © sur les marchà ©s fournisseurs. Organisation et flexibilità © seront nà ©cessaires à ªtre plus rà ©actif pour rà ©pondre aux nombreux besoins d’adaptabilità © dans un environnement complexe et rempli incertitudesRead MoreOrganisation6245 Words   |  25 PagesIntroduktion Begrebet organisation Side 10 * En organisation er et antal mennesker der samarbejder om at nà ¥ et eller flere fà ¦lles mà ¥l * Bestà ¥r af mere end en person * Mellem deltagerne foregà ¥r et samarbejde der pà ¥ den ene eller anden mà ¥de er koordineret. * Rette sig imod at opfylde et eller flere mà ¥l * Muligt at afgrà ¦nse hvad der hà ¸rer med til organisationen og hvad der ligge udenfor. Organisationsniveauer Side 11 * Individer; En organisation bestà ¥r af nogle individerRead MoreTypes Of Organisation And Public Sector Organisations1116 Words   |  5 Pages P1 Types of Organisation Public Sector Organisations Private sector organisations Voluntary sector organisations. Under Private sector we have Sole traders, Partnership, Private Limited Company (LTD), Public Limited Company and the Franchise Under Public sector organisation we have, UK Government, Local Government, Executive Agencies, QUANGOs, State owned companies, Public sector organisations -These are organisations that are owned and run by the state or Government for the people and the taxesRead MoreOrganisation Behavier1054 Words   |  5 PagesMOTIVATION IN WORKPLACE Faith-based International Charity Background This faith-based humanitarian organisation based on the philosophy of Islam and Quran that if you save the life of one person; you saved mankind. Therefore, it promotes humanity in its operational areas. However, due to its identity of being an Islamic organisation, the funds are mainly generated through Muslim philanthropists and other means such as Zakat. In essence, Islamic identity has been the motivating factorRead MorePeople in Organisations955 Words   |  4 Pages2010). According to Financial Times Mastering Management (1997) â€Å"Organisational behaviour is one of the most complex and perhaps least understood academic elements of modern general management, but since it concerns the behaviour of people within organisations it is also the most central... its concern with individual and group patterns of behaviour makes it an essential element in dealing with the complex behavioural issues thrown up in the modern business world.† This paper focuses on two areasRead MoreThe Postmodern Organisation1039 Words   |  4 Pages The postmodern organisation. Introduction The millennial generation is the technologically savvy people born between 1982 and 2002. This group of people are anticipated to take over from the infamous Baby Boomers. The millennial generation This generation is best described as the first to try out new technologies that are on the market. They will usually own more than one smart phone, an example would be an Iphone, Blackberry or even a Samsung. They don’t just stop at smart phones it alsoRead MoreOrganisations and Behavior1152 Words   |  5 Pagesincrease productivity, co ordinate and provide direction between employees. According to the business dictionary (2013), an organisational structure is the hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights, and duties of an organisation. It determines how roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled and coordinated and how information flows between different levels of management. A structure depends on the organisation’s objectives and strategy. There are many influencesRead MorePeople and Organisations1249 Words   |  5 PagesUNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT PEOPLE amp; ORGANISATIONS AMAZING WORLD OF FUN (Word Count 1124) Student Number: Version 1.1 May 2011 Table of Contents Contents 1 Introduction 2 The Current Problems Facing AWF 3 Analysis of Motivational Differences within the Organisation 4 Discussing Different Motivational Theories amp; How they affect the groups within AWF 5 Future Motivational Strategies 6 Conclusion 7 Bibliography/esources 8 Appendices

Research Project for A Guide For First-Time Researchers

Question: Discuss about a Article for Doing Your Research Project for A Guide For First-Time Researchers? Answer: Determination of the type of business, its vision and mission For starting a business, many factors need to be considered. Proper planning must be made in advance, the objectives, vision, the mission of the business needs to be set up, and then the actions should be followed accordingly (Heagney, 2012). If the plan of action is not made beforehand, then it is not at all possible to start and continue business (Bell, 2014). The things that need to be taken care of are- legal structure, the products and the services that are offered, the location of the business, the management team, the workforce, the methods of book keeping, insurance, security, the market that is targeted and the way in which the competition needs to be handled, the methods of distribution, advertising, pricing methods, and policies, designing the product, the time of entering into the market, location of the business, the trends of the industry, the means of procurement of the estimated capital, etc. The business, which would be set up would be of a tanning salon. The name of the company is BAKED POTATO TANNING SALON. The vision and the mission of the business must be very clear, it must be related to the purposes of the organization, and they are communicated in written (Oakland, 2014). They are statements regarding the company, which would be answering the questions as the identity of the company, what does the company value and the direction where it is going. The vision for BAKED POTATO TANNING SALON provide the consumers with a very good quality of tanning beds, wide variety of lotions for tanning, and also other accessories for the purposes of tanning. One of the priorities of the organization is to make sure that the customers are given excellent customer service, which would help the organization in getting a stronger hold in the market where strong competition is present. There should be certain facilities that are to be offered to the customers that are not offered by the other competitors in the market and this would help in attracting new customers to the business and would help in ret aining the existing customers. The motto of the organization would be to offer quality services to the customers and providing them with great customer service. This is because a business would become successful if the customers are satisfied completely. Creation of the structure and form of management applied to the business Organizing is an activity of the management, which involves the development of an organizational structure and the allocation of human resources for ensuring the achievement of the objectives of the business (Scott, Davis, 2015). It is inclusive of factors like the designing of the organization, staffing and the culture of the organization. Regarding the process of organizing, the compliance of the missions and the visions of the organization must be considered. Organization design is a process by which people, technology, and information are integrated. It is applied for matching the type of the company closely to the objectives that the organization wants to attain. With the help of this, the organizations work to enhance the chances that the collaborative efforts of the members are going to be successful. The structure of the company must be reflecting and supporting the strategy and in that context, the organizational design provides guidelines with the help of which the employe es would be choosing proper actions, proper in accordance with the strategy. The strategy consolidates the intentions of the organization and focuses the members of activities that are designed for accomplishing the desired results. Connection with people in purposeful and productive ways. The human resources need to be connected with the required technology and information for being successful. The structure of the organization must be so that it would define the official relationship among the people and specify their roles and responsibilities. The administrative systems must be governing the company by using its guidelines, policies and practices. The information and the technologies describe the processes by which the members attain the outcomes. Each of the elements must support each other and collectively it must be supporting the purpose of the organization as it was previously planned. Managers must be hired who must be given the responsibility of handling the team members by providing them a specific plan to achieve the objectives of the organization. He must properly handle all the issues that would crop up, and he must be leading the team or the workforce towards better productivity and efficiency. The managers should be focused on leading the organization by following a noble mission, which would help in enabling the management team and the employees in achieving the strategic breakthrough and in realizing their individual and personal objectives. The leaders must shoulder the responsibilities of the business singlehandedly and lead the workforce in such a manner that Evaluation of the roles that the structure, management and the leadership foundation so created will play in the performance of the organization On being a leader, there are certain duties that need to be performed and they are discussed below: Development of the vision and mission strategically The leader must create a strategic vision for the organization in such a way that would involve the thought process and the energy of the employees (Fullan, 2014). The objectives so designed must be clear, specific and easily understood by the employees. The leader should be able to differentiate between vision as to where the organization is headed and the mission that defines the reason of existence of the organization (Whyte, 2013). Fixing objectives The leader must set the objectives and the goals of the organization in such a way that it is measurable since if it is not measurable, it is of no use (Parmenter, 2015). The measurable objectives should be made effective by providing additional incentives for attainment. This would act as a motivating factor for the employees in making them deliver their best and in boosting up their morale. Crafting a strategy It is the job of a leader to describe the strategic position of an organization (Grant, 2015). Instead of venturing into every portion in which revenues might be earned, the leader must concentrate on strengthening the strategic position and communicate the strategy to the customers externally who give value to it and internally too. Execution of the strategy so made The leader must execute the strategy so formed and also implement it (Jeston, Nelis, 2014). When the plan of action would involve difficult tasks, it would be the duty of the leader to build a company and then execute the strategy. Evaluation of performance The leader must evaluate the performances of the workforce at regular intervals and provide feedback to them for improvements (Bernardin, Wiatrowski, 2013). The employees must be appreciated by the leaders in they perform well, and they should be awarded incentives. In the process, all the employees would strive to perform their best and ultimately the organizational goals and objectives would be attained in the process. Reference List Bell, J. (2014).Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Bernardin, H. J., Wiatrowski, M. (2013). Performance appraisal.Psychology and Policing,257. Fullan, M. (2014).Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Grant, R. M. (2015).Contemporary Strategy Analysis 9e Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Heagney, J. (2012).Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Oakland, J. S. (2014).Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. Parmenter, D. (2015).Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley Sons. Scott, W. R., Davis, G. F. (2015).Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Whyte, W. H. (2013).The organization man. University of Pennsylvania Press.

The Rainbow Essay Example

The Rainbow Essay The Brangwen women in The Rainbow, are depicted in direct contrast to their male counterparts. Lawrence describes the women as different (42), directly following his detailed description of the Brangwen men. Although admittance is made that the women did share similar circumstances, heritage and experience to the men, for on them too was the drowse of blood-intimacy, calves sucking and hens running together in droves , it is emphasised that the women looked outwards, removing themselves figuratively from the blind intercourse of farm-life, to the spoken world beyond. (42). With this description, Lawrence suggests that the women were discontent with assuming a position of participation amongst the blind intercourse of unconscious activities that were assumed of them, and that the men were content with practicing. It was enough for the men, that the earth heaved and opened its furrow to them (42) The men are described as their senses being full fed and being unable to turn around (43), in contrast to the women, who had in a sense, opened themselves to the world and what she had to offer, by no longer being passive Brangwen female participants of farm-life, by being aware of the lips and the mind of the world speaking and giving utterance, they heard the sound in the distance, and they strained to listen. (42). We will write a custom essay sample on The Rainbow specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Rainbow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Rainbow specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Brangwen women at moments, seem to inhabit different houses and/or worlds from the men, Her house faced out from the farm-buildings and fields, looked out to the road and the village with church and Hall and the world beyond. (43), whereas the Brangwen men are described in a fashion portraying their satisfaction with farm life and activities, it was enough that they helped the cow in labour, or ferreted the rats from under the barn, or broke the back of the rabbit . While it seems a strange metaphor, it is the woman who looks out to the active scope of men, and who is concerned with government, education and progress in a magic land to her, where secrets were made known and desires fulfilled. (43). The Brangwen women are depicted as looking at the children of the upper classes and wondering why their children are disadvantaged. Lawrence portrays the women as deciding that the difference is not money, nor even class. It was education and experience, she decided. (44). Thus, education becomes not a means of social progress for working class children, but rather a thing of inherent value, a higher form of being, which is why the Brangwen women want it for their own children. The Brangwen women are portrayed according to their developing being, she craved to know. She craved to achieve this higher being, if not in herself, then in her children(44) and aspirations of striving beyond herself, towards the further life of the finer woman, towards the extended being she revealed, as a traveller in his self-contained manner reveals far-off countries present in himself. (45). The Brangwen woman contemplating her childs potential advance, deciding that it is a question of knowledge, as well as the allusion used by her, of the vicars power over Tom Brangwen on a desert island, his soul was master of the other mans (44), shares a common trait, in terms of relating these metaphorical descriptions to the essence of what Lawrence wished to achieve: the stages of the advance of consciousness in terms of knowledge, suggesting that this stage is both important and temporary; the creative and evolving being unable to be contented with contemplation of what is known, but rather has to discover what is new also. 18). Thus, ironically, it is the women in The Rainbow who, whilst her husband looked out to the back at sky and harvest and beast and land, she strained her eyes to see what man had done in fighting outwards to knowledge her deepest desire hung on the battle that she heard far off, being waged on the edge of the unknown. She also wanted to know, and to be of the fighting host. (43), provides for the reader the departure point of Lawrences masterfully depicted journey into discovering a history of the relation between man and what lies beyond him, and the history of the struggle of men to become conscious and to become themselves.

Death of a Salesman Essay Example

Death of a Salesman Paper The quintessential American tragic hero1 or a passive victim of corrupted propagandist society2; this is just one example of the conflicting views surrounding Arthur Millers Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman. Consumed with a flawed vision of the American Dream, this character is certainly a contemporary figure and his life remains symbolic and relevant to this day with regards to the pitfalls of capitalist values, as it was fifty years ago. Indeed, Willy Loman is unique in the sense that it is difficult to categorise him as one particular character stereotype; it depends on the individuals point of view. Some critics argue that he is neither a tragic hero or victim, but rather a victimizer of himself and others3 and a coward4. Certainly, there are numerous interpretations that have been explored over the years and it is due to the wide scope for analysis Willy offers that Death of a Salesman remains a favourite to discuss amongst critics to the present day. The idea of Willy Loman as a tragic hero has been the subject of heated debate for decades. Some of the classic features of a tragic hero, as determined by Aristotle, can undoubtedly be applied to Willy Loman and therefore support the idea of a heroic character. We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Firstly, a tragic hero  should have a magnitude or nobility5 about them. At first glance this would seemingly exclude Willy from the status, however according to Hardison, noble does not necessarily imply a high social status, but rather a larger than life6 quality. The fact that Willys visions are of such a great grandeur, especially where his sons are concerned, (You guys together could absolutely lick the civilised world. ) along with the constant gesticulations that accompany his exclamations, all support the idea that Willy Loman is indeed a larger than life character. Therefore, it is not possible to dismiss him as a tragic hero on this basis. A further accepted feature of the tragic hero is the possession of hubris and hamartia; a tragic flaw and the mistakes caused by it. Hubris traditionally means a form of arrogance or pride and this trait is certainly present in Willy: Call out the name Willy Loman and see what happens! This excessive pride means that Willy believes himself capable of accomplishing the American Dream to the point of delusion; he cannot accept failure and becomes unhealthily obsessed, leading to an inevitable downward spiral. Indeed, it is Willys pride that prevents him from taking on Charleys job offer: I got a job what the hell are you offering me a job for? I got a good job. Willys repetition indicates that he is trying to convince not only Charley, but himself of the idea. Deep down, he realises that he is in trouble, but his pride makes it impossible for him to accept any help. Unfortunately, it is probable that if Willy had agreed to Charleys offer, he would not have ended up committing suicide. In this way, Willy contributes to his own downfall, which conforms to Aristotles dictum that the tragic heros fate must be partly their own fault. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that a tragic heros actions should evoke catharsis in the audience at the end of the play. As Arthur Miller suggests, the tragic feeling is brought on by a character who is ready to lay down his life, if need be, to secure on thing, his sense of personal dignity. 6 Certainly, Willys suicide can be seen as an act of extreme bravery and selflessness, if it is viewed in light of Willys hope to set up his family for life with the insurance money: I see it like a diamond, shining in the dark, hard and rough Willys comparison of his suicide to a diamond suggests that he believes it will produce something concrete for his family in the form of materialistic success, which the diamond is symbolic of. This self-sacrifice undoubtedly induces fear and pity amongst audiences and can be seen as a catharsis-evoking act due to this, thus supporting the notion of Willy as a tragic hero. Of course, there are many counterarguments to dispute the idea that Willy is a tragic hero. With respect to the classical tragedy form, the structure should end with an understanding and resolution on the tragic heros part. An example of this is Othellos realisation that he had been fooled into a jealous rage by Iago, leading to the murder of Desdemona,  when he speaks of himself as one that loved not wisely, but too well. He recognises his hamartia. Contrary to this, Willy dies just as disillusioned as ever, clutching on to his skewed values until the end: Can you imagine that magnificence with twenty-thousand dollars in his pocket? He never questions his blind vision of material success; indeed his hopes for Biff are all centred around the same dream that proved so empty for him. On top of this, the values he holds on to are shallow because hi struggle is for material gain and recognition; he does not strive for truth or honour for example. Although it could be said that Shakespeares Hamlet possesses similar faults at the beginning of the play, he manages to outgrow them. Willy on the other hand, never does. In this way, Willy Loman does not fit this particular aspect of a tragic hero. It could also be argued that Willy Loman is a victim of capitalist society; in particular the American Dream. One of the elements of Death of a Salesman that supports this notion is the setting itself. Miller describes the salesmans house as fragile surrounded by towering, angular shapes (symbols of capitalism), yet an air of the dream clings to the place. With the use of lighting, many directors allow the stage to gradually become more claustrophobic, until the house is so consumed with the apartment buildings it appears suffocating. Of course, this physical aspect of the play runs parallel to Willys decline; he becomes so consumed with his warped version of the American Dream to the point where it kills him. In this way, Miller immediately manages to link both the notion of imminent tragedy and the American Dream together. To put it into context, Miller was writing during a time of post-war economy, when American confidence, prosperity and security was high. The playwrights criticism of an obscure American Dream, that no longer encouraged people to be recognised for who they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position7 , was therefore quite a radical challenge to make at the time, as unlike nowadays, people did not constantly self-analyse on a national and individual level. The dream is the villain of the play. Willys desperate nocturnal attempt to grow vegetables in the garden further compounds to this idea, as it signifies not only his shame at not being able to provide for his family, but also symbolises the concept that pursuing the dream is a fruitless affair altogether. Consequently, if the American Dream is the villain, Willy Loman cannot be deemed a typical tragic hero because it is the society he lives in that predetermines his downfall from the very beginning. Some critics have even gone as far as saying that Death of a Salesman cannot be deemed a true tragedy because of this, but rather a social drama 8 according to Brenda Murphy. This is because it is questionable as to whether Willy Loman has any control over his destiny at all, as although he is in command of his body and actions, the American Dream has polluted his mind to such an extent that he can barely grasp reality. Indeed, his frequent hallucinations at inappropriate moments emphasise this: Pull myself together! What the hell did I say to him? My God, I was yelling at him! Also, Miller often uses language through out the play to foreshadow Willys death: these arch supports are killing me , tired to death etc. It is almost as if Willy is predicting his own ends; he is precariously ready to drop or give up on life throughout many sections of the play. This self-pity is not an admirable quality and is therefore more befitting to a victim than a tragic hero. Interestingly, another interpretation of Willys character is that he is a tragic villain. This is because he selfishly disregards the dreams of his family in order to fulfil his own. Biff, for example, is not a businessman at heart and is content with the simple necessities of life (Why am I trying to become what I dont want to be? ). However, his father constantly makes him feel guilty about this and frequently refers to him as a lazy bum. Also, in declining Charleys job offer Willy Loman casts his familys needs aside because it does not live up to his ideal job. Although the term villain may be a bit harsh, it is certainly true that the shortcomings of his personality make Willy a harder character to sympathise with than Sophocless Oedipus for example. In this way he could be considered neither a hero nor a victim, because a tragic victim generally needs to arouse high compassion amongst audiences. To conclude, it seems as if the character of Willy Loman is most accurately described as an anti-hero. This is because, although he is the protagonist of the play, he lacks many of the traditional qualities of a true tragic hero; Miller has subverted this stereotype in creating Willy Loman. More importantly however, audiences would certainly not wish t to be like him in any way, although there are undoubtedly aspects of Willys personality that we can relate to. As Joyce Carol Oates suggests: For all his delusions and intellectual limitations Willy Loman is all of us. Or, rather, we are Willy Loman, particularly those of us who are writers, poets, dreamers; the yearning soul way out there in the blue. 1 Nevertheless, Willy does still possess some of the attributes of Aristotles typical tragic hero as previously mentioned, which means he cannot be considered a total victim either. The only certainty is that critics will continue to ponder over Willy Lomans character for years to come. Bibliography: 1. ) Oates, Joyce Carol. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, Michigan Quarterly Review, Fall 1998. 2. ) Moss, Leonard. Arthur Miller, 1967. 3. ) Salitt, D. The Character of Willy Loman, 2000. 4. ) Swietek, F. Death of a Salesman: Tragedy? , 2003. 5. ) Carson, Neil. Arthur Miller, New York Grove Press,1982. 6. ) Miller, Arthur. Tragedy and the Common Man, 1949. 7. ) Adams, James Truslow. Epic of America, 1931. 8. ) Murphy, Brenda. The Tradition of Social Drama,1997. death of a salesman Essay Example death of a salesman Essay Seeking the American Dream of Success Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman could be described as a study in the American Dream ideology, a system that at times is indescribably brutal and at other times compassionates. Author Millers plays are usually associated with real life issues filled with failure and disappointment. The authors main character, Willy Loman, is a traveling salesman that spends his whole lifetime trying to find success based on looks and popularity. Willy Loman is a product of this ever-increasing society, obsessed with measuring success by popularity and material wealth and unfortunately emphasizing these principles upon his family. For Willy Loman, to be liked was the definitive criterion of life success. The American dream of wealth and luck became Willys dream, and it almost became reality. Willy realizes that in fact he has lived his life in vain, never achieving nor succeeding but remaining a shadow of his ambition. It is this sudden insight that urges him i nto a fantasy, afraid to face the future. It is only through Willys failure as a salesman that his innate desire for the outdoors is exposed. At the end of the play, Charley mentions, He was a happy man with a batch of cement so wonderful with his hands he had the wrong dreams, all wrong.. It has been often said that the play emphasize the path not taken may have been the right one, still Willy holds the inability to see who and what he is. Miller has created Willys wife Linda in such a way, that it is difficult to confirm whether she is a positive or destructive force upon him. It is hard to understand why she allows this deception to rise to the level that it does. The love Linda holds for Willy is relentless. She sees herself as his protector, allowing him to laps into his illusions where he feels contentment.

Services Marketing Case Study Essays

Services Marketing Case Study Essays Services Marketing Case Study Essay Services Marketing Case Study Essay These customers vary in terms of their requirements and expectations. It is important for the carriers to leverage the available data to get insights into the passenger behavior Getable operated in the low-fare category of the industry, but unlike other low-fare airlines, Getable wasnt a no-frills airline Offerings Getable experience Bring humanity back to Air travel and make the experience Of flying happier and easier for everyone Wider leather seats More legroom and storage space In-flight entertainment (24 channels) Dedicated service personnel Free co-branded amenities Touch screen check-in Pre-assigned seats It offered a unique flying experience due to its Humanity touch The airlines tapped in on caring for its customers in an industry that lacked compassion, a missing human touch. It offered to better the lives of its customers, creamers and the communities. This commitment to inspiring humanity was their differentiator. The airline also flew its planes from point to point. It did not use the hub system of other airlines. By using the point-to point system, Getable was very selective when picking the geographic markets where it wants to compete. VALUE CHAIN Inbound Logistics Internet presence and web-based ticketing Operations crew scheduling, no meals, automated baggage handling Outbound Airports chosen carefully, less congested Make. ND sales work from home call centers, attractive pricing Service customer-focus, CEO who interacts Service Value : Highly productive people, productive aircrafts, caring culture of he organization Hard standards: On time performance Customer support Complaint handling time Bill of Rights Time for boarding Soft Standards: Friendly personnel Cleanliness on-flight Getable understood its internal environment, the external environment, competition, as well as its own customers and potential customers. Nonins ured behavioral segmentation and competitive advantage to be ahead of its competitors. Service Marketing Triangle: External Marketing: Jet blues external marketing promises to the customer were low cost and high service quality. The service facilities like Spa, Live TV, Dunking Donuts Effie, Satellite radio were examples of the same. Internal Marketing: Jet Blues was able to enable its promise by inspiring its employee. Jet Blue had a humble CEO who cultivated the sense of team work in its employees. The CEO had the ability to connect with its people. The Jet Blue involved its employee in every aspect of the business. The Supervisors in Jet Blue attended the Jet Blue University to learn the company principles of team work. The inculcated the sense of We in the Jet Blue crew members. They increased the work force productivity through better training and smarter business processes. The internal marketing in Jet Blue helped the airlines to keep its employees motivated and they were actually seen defending the airlines during the time of the crisis. Interactive Marketing: Jet blues CEO used to frequently travel in the airlines and used to connect with the customers to take the feedback on the services provided and also requested them to provide suggestions on the improvement of the airline service as a whole. This was an example of CEO leading its employee by example. Jet blue won lot of awards, In 2007 Jet Blue was named as number three most admired airline by fortune and best in customer satisfaction by Market Matrix in 2006. They were also picked as best domestic airline by Coned NASA Travel and Travel + Leisure. They had a fleet of highly motivated employees as a result of which they enjoyed the second lowest rate of customer complaints among the 10 Largest U. S. Airlines. Service profit Chain Jet Blue internal marketing let to employee satisfaction, which led to customer satisfaction and increased revenue growth and profitability for Jet Blue. Jet Blue employees considered themselves as an integral member of the airlines. There were instances wherein the employees were responding to the customer on the complaints raised by them during the time of crisis, this is one classic example of high internal service quality in Jet Blue. The employees in Jet Blue were highly satisfied which led to employee retention and employee productivity; in addition to that this led to high external service value to the end customer. The customer were satisfied with their jet blue experience, in addition to that Jet Blue also had a loyal base of customer which came out in defense of the airline during the time of crisis. As a result of overall value chain Jet Blue experienced year on year revenue growth from 000 to 2004 and which led to profitability for the firm. Q. What challenges did David Melanin and his executive team face in managing the customer experience as the airline grew rapidly? How did they respond to those challenges? We have used the McKinney as Framework to analyze the steps taken by David Melanin after the first crisis of 2005. as Framework is used for auditing the current state of the organization and it can also be used to implement new strategy. S framework consist Of hard and soft Gs. All the as have to align for the strategy to work. If the as are aligned then the short- term strategy also works. Strategy: Jet Blue short-term strategy was to scale up to increase the revenue by market development. They planned to expand their services to medium and small sized cities. They believed that since the carriers in medium and short run cities are less they can charge a premium on the t ickets leading to better revenues. Structure In order to implement the strategy the firm also has to restructure its organization chart. There is no information present in the case on the change on restructuring of the organization. The people involved in the organization structure were CEO, David Melanin and Chief Operating Officer, Dave Barge. There are instances in the case were it is highlighted that CEO was involved in every aspect Of the business. We believe that they should have hired people from the local area upon expansion so that the load on the CEO and Chief Operating Officer should have been reduced and better handling of the on ground resources could have taken place by quick decision making. They should have restructured the organization. This was one S, which was not aligned with the company strategy. Systems: In order to implement the new strategy it is important for the organization to improve upon the systems and current processes. Jet Blue moved towards automation and smarter business processes; however Jet Blue did not pay any emphasis on customer support and capacity of the system. This led to increased chaos during the time of the crisis. Jet Blue should have load tested there system for the maximum calls and maximum bookings. The system went down when people tried to reschedule or cancel their flights during the time of the crisis. This was another place where Jet Blue strategy was not in line with the existing capacity of the system. Skills Jet Blue did improve the productivity of its workforce upon implementation of the new strategy. The employees were trained to be more productive to handle additional traffic. The Skills were aligned with the strategy. Style The management was actively involved with the customer and employee. The employees also responded positively to the management style. The Style was aligned with the strategy. Shared Value The shared value among the employees of the Jet Blue was to provide the end customer with Jet Blue experience. The Jet Blue experience was high service quality at low cost. The strategy was to expand but not at the expense of shared values. Jet Blue employees were living up to the promise of providing he same-shared values. Staff The staffs of Jet Blue were not increased on scaling up there was a gap between the resource and the demand of the employee. The prefect example of same was when the Jet Blue went through the crisis in 2007 the pilots and ground staffs were not enough to handle the situation on ground. The Style was not aligned with strategy of the company. The model clearly highlights the Gap in the Jet Blue new strategy were in by auditing using as framework we came to know that Staff, System and Structure were not in line with the Jet Blue strategy as a result Of which Jet Blue Was not able to provide prompt covers to people during the time of crisis and hence failed miserably. 3. What exactly went wrong?

Breaking The Cycle of Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Breaking The Cycle of Teenage Pregnancy - Essay Example Programs related to reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy will be examined along with their effectiveness. Based on the analysis of all the data collected and programs to in place recommendations for needed programming will be discussed. Alternate options available to preganant teens will be discussed as well. A million teenÐ °ge women become pregnÐ °nt in the United StÐ °tes every yeÐ °r, the vÐ °st mÐ °jority unintentionÐ °lly. Ð lthough the rÐ °te of teenÐ °ge pregnÐ °ncy hÐ °s increÐ °sed drÐ °mÐ °ticÐ °lly Ð °mong Ð °ll teens since the eÐ °rly 1970s, Ð °mong sexuÐ °lly Ð °ctive Ð °dolescents, pregnÐ °ncy rÐ °tes hÐ °ve Ð °ctuÐ °lly decreÐ °sed 19% over the lÐ °st two decÐ °des. This decline in pregnÐ °ncy Ð °mong sexuÐ °lly Ð °ctive teens is due in lÐ °rge pÐ °rt to better use of contrÐ °ceptives. Recent estimÐ °tes show thÐ °t Ð °pproximÐ °tely 12% of Ð °ll teenÐ °ge girls (Ð °ged 15-19) become pregnÐ °nt eÐ °ch yeÐ °r, whereÐ °s 21% of those who hÐ °ve hÐ °d sexuÐ °l intercourse (Ð °ged 15-19) become pregnÐ °nt Ð °nnuÐ °lly (Ð lÐ °n GuttmÐ °cher Institute, 2003). RegÐ °rding births resulting from teenÐ °ge pregnÐ °ncies, the percentÐ °ge of teenÐ °ge women who gÐ °ve birth rose Ð °lmost 19% from 2000 to 2002 (the lÐ °st yeÐ °r for which stÐ °tistics Ð °re currently Ð °vÐ °ilÐ °ble; Ð lÐ °n GuttmÐ °cher Institute, 2003). The Ð °bortion rÐ °te Ð °mong teens hÐ °s remÐ °ined fÐ °irly stÐ °ble since the lÐ °te 1970s, with Ð °pproximÐ °tely 43 teens per 1,000 opting for Ð °bortion. However, over thÐ °t sÐ °me time period, Ð °bortion rÐ °tes hÐ °ve declined steÐ °dily Ð °mong sexuÐ °lly experienced Ð °dolescent women, both becÐ °use Ð ° lower proportion of teenÐ °gers becÐ °me pregnÐ °nt Ð °nd becÐ °use Ð ° lower proportion of pregnÐ °nt teenÐ °gers choose to hÐ °ve Ð °n Ð °bortion. RÐ °ciÐ °l differences exist in both the prevÐ °lence of Ð °dolescent pregnÐ °ncy Ð °nd Ð °dolescent childbeÐ °ring. For exÐ °mple, BlÐ °ck teenÐ °gers hÐ °ve historicÐ °lly hÐ °d Ð ° higher pregnÐ °ncy rÐ °te thÐ °n their HispÐ °nic Ð °nd White peers: 19% of Ð °ll BlÐ °ck